In the world of finance, a corporate bond is that of which is issued by a corporation (a bond being a debt security or formal contract between one party and another that borrowed money will be repaid on a certain schedule; often, one of the constraints of the contract is that interest be paid, as well). This bond tends to pay higher rates than bonds issued by the government or other parties because they are more high-risk. That is because there is a higher risk of defaulting on the loan. In exchange for running this risk - which is, of course, affected by the corporation in question, the current economic situation, and many other factors - corporate bond holders receive higher yield, commensurate with the dangers of the bond.
One reason to use bonds in general is that they are considered less risky than stocks. This is because the company has to pay off all its debts, which include things like bonds, before it may devote money to its stockholders. Though bonds and stocks are both securities, capital stockholders have a financial stake in the success of the company (they own portions of it), whereas bond holders have a creditor stake in the company as those lending the money. In both cases, there is a risk in terms of the financial exchange, but how extreme it is can vary in a great deal of way.
There are other risks involved, however, known as credit spread risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, supply risk, inflation risk, and tax change risk; all of these are reliant on factors not necessarily within the control of the issuing corporation, including the market and the machinations of the federal government concerning taxes.
The sinking fund provision of the corporate bond is a clause written requiring the issuer to retire a set amount of the outstanding debt each year, or on some other agreed segment of time. If the entire bond is not liquidated by this date, then the remainder is called balloon maturity. In this scenario, the corporation issuers either pay the trustees or buy more bonds on the open market and turn them over to the trustees.
Corporate bond indices, or the total listing of bonds accompanied by statistics reflecting the composite value of them all, can be found by checking with the Barclays Corporate Bond Index, the Citigroup US Broad Investment Grade Credit Index, and the Dow Jones Corporate Bond Index.
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